MBNMS EIS: TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table of Contents

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Cover
Table of Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
Part I: Executive Summary
Part II: The Affected Environment
	I. Regional Context
	II. Sanctuary Resources
	III. Human ActivitiesI
	IV. Existing Resource Protection Regime
Part III: Alternatives Including The Preferred Alternative
	I. Boundary Alternatives
	II.Regulatory Alternatives
	III. Management Alternatives
Part IV Environmental Concequences
	I. Boundary Alternatives
	II. Regulatory Alternatives
	III. Management Alternative Consequences
	IV. Unavoidable Adverse Environmental or Socioeconomic Effects
	V. Relationship Between Short-term Uses of the Environment and the Maintenance and Enhancement of Long-term Productivity
Part V: Sanctuary Management Plan
	I. Introduction
	II. Resource Protection
	III. Research
	IV. Education
	V. Administration
Part VI: List of Preparers and Alternatives
Part VII: List of Agencies, Organizations, and Persons Receiving Copies
Part VIII: References
Part IX Appendices

VOLUME I

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF TABLES

PART I: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

I. Introduction			I-3
II. The National Marine Sanctuary Program			I-4
III. History of the Monterey Bay Proposal			I-8
IV. Purpose and Need for Designation			I-11
	A. Introduction		I-11
	B. Natural and Historical Resources		I-15
	C. Present and Potential Uses		I-16
	D. Adequacy of Existing Authorities to Manage the Area		I-17
	E. Benefits Derived From Sanctuary Status		I-19
		1. Oil, Gas and Mineral Activities	I-20
		2. Discharges and Deposits into the Sanctuary and	I-21
		3. Discharges and Deposits that Enter the Sanctuary and Injure a Sanctuary Resource or Quality	I-21
		4. Moving, Removing or Injuring Historical Resources	I-22
		5. Alteration of or Construction on the Seabed	I-22
		6. Taking Marine Mammals, Seabirds or Turtles	I-22
		7. Overflights	I-22
		8. Personal Water Craft	I-23
		9. Vessel Traffic	I-23
		10. Fishing/Aquaculture/Kelp harvesting	I-24
V. Socioeconomic Effects of Designation			I-24
	A. Fishing/Aquaculture/Kelp harvesting		I-25
	B. Oil, Gas and Minerals		I-25
	C. Discharge and Deposits		I-26
	D. Personal Water Craft		I-27
	E. Overflights		I-27
	F. Vessel Traffic		I-27
	G. Alteration of or Construction on the Seabed		I-28
VI. Manageability of the Area			I-29
VII. Consultations			I-30
	A. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)		I-30
	B. Endangered Species Act (ESA)		I-30
	C. Resource Assessment		I-31
	D. Federal Consistency Determination		I-31
	E. Fishery Regulations		I-31
	F. Other Federal and State Agencies and the U.S. Congress		I-31

PART II: THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT

I. Section: The Regional Context				II-4
	A. Sanctuary Location			II-4
	B. Regional Access			II-5
II. Section: Sanctuary Resources				II-6
	A. Introduction			II-6
	B. Environmental Conditions			II-7
		1. Geological Oceanography		II-7
		2. Meteorology		II-10
		3. Physical Oceanography		II-11
			a. Waves	II-11
			b. Water Temperature	II-12
			c. Offshore Ocean Currents	II-12
			d. Upwelling and Eddies	II-14
			e. Nearshore coastal currents	II-17
			f. Freshwater input	II-18
		4. Water Quality		II-18
	C. Habitats			II-25
		1. Introduction		II-25
		2. Submarine Canyon Habitat		II-25
		3. Nearshore Sublittoral Habitat		II-27
		4. Rocky Intertidal Habitat		II-27
		5. Sandy Beach Intertidal Habitat		II-28
		6. Kelp Forest Habitat		II-28
		7. Estuaries and Sloughs		II-29
	D. Biological Resources			II-31
		1. Introduction		II-31
		2. Plankton		II-31
		3. Algae		II-32
		4. Invertebrates		II-34
		5. Fishes		II-36
		6. Seabirds		II-40
		7. Turtles		II-44
		8. Marine Mammals		II-44
			a. Pinnipeds	II-44
			b. Cetaceans	II-48
			c. Fissipeds	II-50
	E. Cultural and Historical Resources			II-53
		1. Historic sites		II-53
		2. Shipwrecks		II-54
	F. Existing Protected Areas			II-54
		1. State Refuges and Reserves		II-57
			a. Ecological Reserves	II-57
			b. Game Refuges	II-58
			c. Marine Life Refuges	II-59
			d. Fish Refuge	II-59
			e. Marine Reserves	II-60
		2. State Historic Parks		II-61
		3. California State Park System and Beaches		II-61
III. Section: Human Activities				II-63
	A. Fishing			II-63
		1. Commercial Fishing		II-63
		2. Aquaculture		II-63
		3. Kelp Harvesting		II-67
	B. Hydrocarbon and Mineral Activities			II-68
		1. Oil and Gas		II-68
		2. Sand Mining		II-70
	C. Vessel Traffic, Harbors and Dredging			II-70
		1. Vessel Traffic		II-70
			a. Commercial Shipping	II-70
			b. Commercial Fishing Vessels	II-73
			c. Research Vessels	II-73
			d. Recreational Boating	II-73
		2. Harbors		II-74
			a. Santa Cruz Harbor	II-74
			b. Moss Landing Harbor	II-74
			c. Monterey Harbor	II-74
			d. Princeton/Pillar Point Harbor	II-74
		3. Dredging		II-79
		4. Dredge Disposal		II-79
	D. Discharges, and Non-Dredge Material Dump Sites			II-79
		1. Point Source Discharges		II-79
		2. Non-Point Source Discharges		II-86
		3. Non-Dredge Material Dump Sites		II-86
	E. Military Activity			II-88
	F. Research and Education			II-90
	G. Land Use			II-93
	H. Coastal Development			II-96
	I. Recreational Activities and Tourism			II-96
		1. Tourism		II-96
		2. Coastal Recreation Areas		II-98
		3. Recreational Boating		II-98
		4. "Personal water craft"		II-98
		5. Recreational Fishing		II-99
		6. Intertidal Collecting		II-102
		7. Diving		II-102
		8. Nature Observation		II-102
		9. Surfing		II-102
IV. Section: Existing Resource Protection Regime				II-104
	A. Introduction			II-104
	B. Federal Authorities			II-104
	C. State Authorities			II-105

PART III: ALTERNATIVES INCLUDING THE PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE

I. Section: Boundary Alternatives					III-5
	A. Introduction				III-5
	B. Boundary Alternative 1				III-6
		1. Geography			III-6
		2. Distinguishing Characteristics			III-6
	C. Boundary Alternative 2				III-10
		1. Geography			III-10
		2. Distinguishing Characteristics			III-10
	D. Boundary Alternative 3				III-14
		1. Geography			III-14
		2. Distinguishing Characteristics			III-14
	E. Boundary Alternative 4				III-18
		1. Geography			III-18
		2. Distinguishing Characteristics			III-18
	F. Boundary Alternative 5 (Preferred)				III-22
		1. Geography			III-22
		2. Distinguishing Characteristics			III-22
	G. Boundary Alternative 6				III-26
		1. Geography			III-26
		2. Distinguishing Characteristics			III-26
	H. Boundary Alternative 7				III-30
		1. Geography			III-30
		2. Distinguishing Characteristics			III-30
II. Section: Regulatory Alternatives					III-34
	A. Introduction				III-34
	B. Oil, Gas and Mineral Activities				III-40
		1. Status Quo			III-40
			a. Existing Regulatory Framework		III-40
			b. Impact to Resources		III-40
			c. Impact to Uses		III-41
		2. Sanctuary Alternative 1			III-41
			a. Sanctuary Action		III-41
			b. Impact to Resources		III-42
			c. Impact to Uses		III-42
		3. Sanctuary Alternative 2 (Preferred)			III-42
			a. Sanctuary Action		III-42
			b. Impact to Resources		III-43
			c. Impact to Uses		III-43
	C. Discharges or Deposits				III-44
		1. Status Quo			III-44
			a. Existing Regulatory Framework		III-44
				(1) Point Source Discharges	III-45
				(2) Non-Point Source Discharges (NPS)	III-45
				(3) Hazardous waste, oil and trash disposal	III-46
				(4) Ocean dumping	III-47
			b. Impact to Resources		III-47
			c. Impact to Uses		III-48
		2. Sanctuary Alternative (Preferred)			III-49
			a. Sanctuary Action		III-49
			b. Impact to Resources		III-49
			c. Impact to Uses		III-50
				(1) Vessels	III-51
				(2) Dredge Disposal Activities	III-51
				(3) Point Source Discharges	III-52
				(4) Non-Point Source Discharges (NPS)	III-54
	D. Historical Resources				III-55
		1. Status Quo			III-55
			a. Existing Regulatory Framework		III-55
			b. Impact to Resources		III-55
			c. Impact to Uses		III-56
		2. Sanctuary Alternative (Preferred)			III-56
			a. Sanctuary Action		III-56
			b. Impact to Resources		III-56
			c. Impact to Uses		III-57
	E. Alteration of or Construction on the Seabed				III-58
		1. Status Quo			III-58
			a. Existing Regulatory Framework		III-58
			b. Impact to Resources		III-58
			c. Impact to Uses		III-59
		2. Sanctuary Alternative (Preferred)			III-59
			a. Sanctuary Action		III-59
			b. Impact to Resources		III-59
			c. Impact to Uses		III-59
	F. Taking Marine Mammals, Turtles and Seabirds				III-61
		1. Status Quo			III-61
			a. Existing Regulatory Framework		III-61
			b. Impact to Resources		III-61
			c. Impact to Uses		III-61
		2. Sanctuary Alternative (Preferred)			III-61
			a. Sanctuary Action		III-61
			b. Impact to Resources		III-62
			c. Impact to Uses		III-62
	G. Overflights				III-63
		1. Status Quo			III-63
			a. Existing Regulatory Framework		III-63
			b. Impact to Resources		III-63
			c. Impact to Uses		III-63
		2. Sanctuary Alternative (Preferred)			III-63
			a. Sanctuary Action		III-63
			b. Impact to Resources		III-64
			c. Impact to Uses		III-64
	H. Operation of "Personal Water Craft"				III-66
		1. Status Quo			III-66
			a. Existing Regulatory Framework		III-66
			b. Impact to Resources		III-66
			c. Impact to Uses		III-66
		2. Sanctuary Alternative (Preferred)			III-66
			a. Sanctuary Action		III-66
			b. Impact to Resources		III-67
			c. Impact to Uses		III-69
	I. Vessel Traffic				III-70
		1. Status Quo (Preferred)			III-70
			a. Existing Regulatory Framework		III-70
			b. Impact to Resources		III-70
			c. Impact to Uses		III-72
		2. Sanctuary Alternative			III-73
			a. Sanctuary Action		III-73
			b. Impact to Resources		III-73
			c. Impact to Uses		III-74
	J. Fishing, Kelp Harvesting and Aquaculture				III-75
		1. Status Quo (Preferred)			III-75
			a. Existing Regulatory Framework		III-75
			b. Impact to Resources		III-75
			c. Impact to Uses		III-79
		2. Sanctuary Alternative			III-81
			a. Sanctuary Action		III-81
			b. Impact to Resources		III-81
			c. Impact to Uses		III-81
III. Section: Management Alternatives					III-82
	A. Introduction				III-82
	B. Alternatives				III-82
		1. Status Quo			III-82
		2. Sanctuary Management Alternative 1			III-82
		3. Sanctuary Management Alternative 2 (Preferred)			III-82

PART IV: ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF ALTERNATIVES

I. Section: Boundary Alternatives					IV-5
	A. Introduction				IV-5
	B. Boundary Alternative 1				IV-5
	C. Boundary Alternative 2				IV-8
	D. Boundary Alternative 3				IV-10
	E. Boundary Alternative 4				IV-11
	F. Boundary Alternative 5				IV-12
	G. Boundary Alternative 6				IV-13
	H. Boundary Alternative 7				IV-14
II. Section: Regulatory Alternatives					IV-16
	A. Introduction				IV-16
	B. Oil, Gas and Mineral Activities				IV-17
		1. Status Quo			IV-17
			a. Consequence of Impact to Resources		IV-17
			b. Consequence of Impact to Uses		IV-22
		2. Sanctuary Alternative 2 (Preferred)			IV-22
			a. Consequence of Impact to Resources		IV-22
			b. Consequence of Impact to Uses		IV-25
	C. Discharges or Deposits				IV-27
		1. Status Quo			IV-27
			a. Consequence of Impact to Resources		IV-27
				(1) Discharges from Point Sources	IV-27
				(2) Discharges from Non-Point Sources (NPS)	IV-28
				(3) Hazardous waste, oil and trash disposal	IV-29
				(4) Ocean dumping	IV-30
			b. Consequence of Impact to Uses		IV-30
		2. Sanctuary Alternative (Preferred)			IV-31
			a. Consequence of Impact to Resources		IV-31
			b. Consequence of Impact to Uses		IV-31
	D. Historical Resources				IV-36
		1. Status Quo			IV-36
			a. Consequence of Impact to Resources		IV-36
			b. Consequence of Impact to Uses		IV-36
		2. Sanctuary Alternative (Preferred)			IV-36
			a. Consequence of Impact to Resources		IV-36
			b. Consequence of Impact to Uses		IV-37
	E. Alteration of or Construction on the Seabed				IV-39
		1. Status Quo			IV-39
			a. Consequence of Impact to Resources		IV-39
			b. Consequence of Impact to Uses		IV-40
		2. Sanctuary Alternative (Preferred)			IV-40
			a. Consequence of Impact to Resources		IV-40
			b. Consequence of Impact to Uses		IV-41
	F. Taking Marine Mammals, Turtles and Seabirds				IV-42
		1. Status Quo			IV-42
			a. Consequence of Impact to Resources		IV-42
			b. Consequence of Impact to Uses		IV-43
		2. Sanctuary Alternative (Preferred)			IV-43
			a. Consequence of Impact to Resources		IV-43
			b. Consequence of Impact to Uses		IV-43
	G. Overflights				IV-45
		1. Status Quo			IV-45
			a. Consequence of Impact to Resources		IV-45
			b. Consequence of Impact to Uses		IV-45
		2. Sanctuary Alternative (Preferred)			IV-45
			a. Consequence of Impact to Resources		IV-45
			b. Consequence of Impact to Uses		IV-46
	H. Operation of "Personal Water Craft"				IV-48
		1. Status Quo			IV-48
			a. Consequence of Impact to Resources		IV-48
			b. Consequence of Impact to Uses		IV-48
		2. Sanctuary Alternative (Preferred)			IV-48
			a. Consequence of Impact to Resources		IV-48
			b. Consequence of Impact to Uses		IV-48
	I. Vessel Traffic				IV-50
		1. Status Quo (Preferred)			IV-50
			a. Consequence of Impact to Resources		IV-50
			b. Consequence of Impact to Uses		IV-51
		2. Sanctuary Alternative			IV-53
			a. Consequence of Impact to Resources		IV-53
			b. Consequence of Impact to Uses		IV-53
	J. Fishing, Kelp harvesting and Aquaculture				IV-54
		1. Status Quo (Preferred)			IV-54
			a. Consequence of Impact to Resources		IV-54
			b. Consequence of Impact to Uses		IV-54
		2. Sanctuary Alternative			IV-54
			a. Consequence of Impact to Resources		IV-54
			b. Consequence of Impact to Uses		IV-55
III. Section: Management Alternative Consequences					IV-56
	A. Consequences of Status Quo				IV-56
		1. Enforcement			IV-56
		2. Research and Education			IV-57
	B. Consequences of Sanctuary Alternative 1.				IV-58
		1. Enforcement			IV-58
		2. Research and Education			IV-58
	C. Consequences of Sanctuary Alternative 2 (Preferred)				IV-58
		1. Enforcement			IV-58
		2. Research and Education			IV-59
IV. Section: Unavoidable Adverse Environmental or Socioeconomic Effects					IV-61
V. Section: Relationship Between Short-term Uses of the Environment and the Maintenance and Enhancement of Long-term Productivity					IV-63

PART V: SANCTUARY MANAGEMENT PLAN

I. Section Introduction			V-3
II. Section: Resource Protection			V-6
	A. Introduction		V-6
	B. Goals		V-6
	C. Sanctuary Regulations		V-7
	D. Contingency Plans		V-7
		1. Existing Capabilities	V-8
		2. Sanctuary Action	V-10
	E. Compatible Use of the Sanctuary		V-11
	F. Surveillance and Enforcement		V-13
		1. Sanctuary Action and Coordination with Existing Agencies	V-13
		2. Public Education and Information	V-14
		3. Planning and Coordination	V-15
III. Section: Research			V-16
	A. Introduction		V-16
	B. Goals		V-17
	C. Framework for Research		V-18
		1. Baseline Studies	V-18
		2. Monitoring	V-20
		3. Predictive Studies	V-22
	D. Selection and Management of Research Projects		V-23
		1. Preparing an Annual Plan	V-23
		2. Monitoring Progress	V-23
		3. Information Exchange	V-23
IV. Section Education			V-24
	A. Introduction		V-24
	B. Goals		V-24
	C. Educational Opportunities		V-25
	D. Educational Programs		V-26
		1. Site Visitor Programs	V-26
		2. Information Center Programs	V-27
		3. Outreach Programs	V-28
V. Section: Administration			V-30
	A. Introduction		V-30
		1. Sanctuaries and Reserves Division	V-30
		2. Sanctuary Advisory Committee	V-30
		3. Federal Agencies	V-31
		4. State, regional and local agencies	V-32
	B. Resource Protection		V-32
	C. Research		V-36
	D. Education		V-37
	E. General Administration		V-38
	F. Staffing Levels		V-41
	G. Headquarters and Visitor Center Facilities		V-41

PART VI: LIST OF PREPARERS AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

PART VII: LIST OF AGENCIES, ORGANIZATIONS, AND PERSONS RECEIVING COPIES

PART VIII:REFERENCES

VOLUME II
	PART IX: APPENDICES
		A. Federal Advisory Committee Act
		B. Proposed Notice of Designation and Final Rule Making
			I: Background
			II: Designation Document
			III: Summary of Final Management Plan
			IV: Summary of Regulations
			V. Miscellaneous Rulemaking Requirements

C. Existing State and Federal Authorities Relevant to the Sanctuary				C-1
	I. State and Federal Authorities Applicable to the Monterey Bay Area			C-3
	II. State Authorities			C-3
		A. California Coastal Act		C-3
		B. California Environmental Protection Agency		C-5
		C. Water Quality Control Act		C-6
		D. Fish and Game Code		C-6
			1. Regulations of Sport and Commercial Fishing	C-7
			2. Endangered Species	C-8
			3. Protection of Migratory Birds	C-8
			4. Oil Spill Contingency Plans	C-8
		E. SB 2040, Lempert-Keene Oil Spill Prevention and Response Act		C-9
		F. Cunningham-Shell Tidelands Act		C-3
		G. Control of Oil Discharges from Vessels		C-10
		H. Air Resources		C-11
	III. Federal Authorities			C-12
		A. Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act		C-12
		B. Endangered Species Act		C-12
		C. Marine Mammal Protection Act		C-13
		D. Migratory Bird Treaty Act		C-14
		E. Clean Water Act		C-15
		F. Rivers and Harbors Act		C-16
		G. Ports and Waterways Safety Act		C-17
		H. Act to Prevent Pollution from Ships		C-18
		I. Oil Pollution Act		C-19
		J. Federal Aviation Act		C-21
		K. Clean Air Act		C-21
		L. Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act		C-22
		M. Title I of the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act		C-22
		N. National Historic Preservation Act		C-23
		O. Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act		C-23
	IV. Additional Special Areas/Agencies C-24 A. Los Padres National Forest			C-24

APPENDIX D: DISCHARGE AND DEPOSITS INTO THE MONTEREY BAY AREA

APPENDIX E: ABBREVIATIONS

F. Responses to Comments on the Draft Environmental Impact Statement/Management Plan

G. Water Quality Memorandum of Agreement

H. Opinion of Counsel on Designation of Ocean Dump Sites

I. NOS/NMFS Memorandum of Understanding